Belief, Bias, and Brain Supplements: Unpacking the Placebo Problem in Nootropics
Millions of Americans spend billions of dollars annually on nootropic supplements, yet a significant portion of reported cognitive improvements may trace back not to active compounds but to the brain's own expectation machinery. Understanding the neurological and psychological mechanisms behind placebo-driven enhancement is not merely an academic exercise—it is a prerequisite for honest self-evaluation. This investigation examines the clinical evidence, explores what neuroimaging reveals about b